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kiswahili language help |
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| A good School to learn Kiswahili is the Language School for Kiswahili in the Stone Town. | |
| The grammar in the Swahili is considerably simpler than in many European languages | |
| even if this doesn't seem so in the beginning. Nouns (nouns) have no articles and no | |
| sex. Nouns are assigned to eight different classes which are different by different | |
| prefixes (prefixes) from each other.These prefixes can be either singular or plural in | |
| some classes. Suffixes (suffixes) don't happen. | |
| Who would like to speak Swahili really well should consider and also learn the necessary | |
| "classes" when learning the words. | |
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The eight Classes |
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| 1. m- and wa- Classes | |
| In these Classes belong the living being. The Substantive begins with m or mw in Singular and | |
| with wa or w in Plural. | |
| mtu - the person / watu - the people | |
| mwanafunzi - the student / wanafunzi - the students | |
| 2. m- and mi- Classes | |
| In this class many plants, parts of the nature as well as all possible selecting for breeding purposes port hurry and certain Gegenstaände, belong to this classZu diese Klasse gehören viele Pflanzen, Teile der Natur sowie alle möglichen Körporteile und | |
| bestimmte Gegenstaände. The Substantive begins in Singular with m or mw and in Plural with | |
| mi. | |
| mti - a tree / miti - the trees | |
| mwaka - year / miaka - years | |
| 3. ki- and vi- Classes | |
| Die zu dieser Klasse gehörenden Wörter lassen sich weniger einem bestimmten Thema | |
| zuordnen, sie bezeichnen aber häufig leblose Gegenstände. In Singular they begin with | |
| ki or ch, in Plural with vi or vy. | |
| kitabu - Book / vitabu - Books | |
| chandalua - Mosqito net / vyandalua - Mosqito nets | |
| 4. ma- Class | |
| Zu dieser Klasse gehören hauptsächlich Früchte, Pflanzen und Fremdwörter. Im Singular | |
| fehlt eine Vorsilbe, im Plural wird ma vor den Wortstamm gesetzt. | |
| shamba - Field (Farm) / mashamba - Fields (Farms) | |
| yai - an egg / mayai - eggs | |
| 5. n- Classes | |
| Hierzu gehören die meisten Substantive. Singular und Plural sind gleich. Bei Substantive, die mit | |
| n, v und b beginnen, wird das n zu einem m und vor vokalen zu ny. Bei vielen Wörtern fällt das | |
| n sogar ganz weg. | |
| baba - father | |
| ngoma - a drum / drums | |
| nyumba - a house / houses | |
| 6. u- Classes | |
| Alle Substantive dieser Klasse (abstrakte Begriffe, Ländernamen usw.) fangen mit u oder w im | |
| Singular und manche mit n im Plural an. | |
| ukurasa - a page / kurasa - pages | |
| uma - a fork / nyuma - forks | |
| 7. pa- Classes | |
| Diese Klasse besteht nur aus einem Wort: mahali - schöner Ortr/Platz. Die Bejahung / | |
| Zustimmung wird mit pazuri (wirklich sehr schön/gut) beantwortet. | |
| 8. ku- Classes | |
| In diese klasse gehören alle Verben, die substantiviert werden können. | |
| kuenda - das Gehen / Losfahren | |
| kuandika - das Schreiben | |
| kucheka - das Lachen | |
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Adjective & Adverbien |
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| Das Adjektiv im Swahili folgt immer dem Substantiv, auf das es sich bezieht. Dabei wird | |
| meistens die Klassenvorsilbe des Substantivs auch vor das Adjektiv gesetzt. Dies betrifft auch | |
| Mengenangaben in Form von Zahlen. Die meisten Adverbien haben keine Vorsilbe. | |
| books - vitabu; five - tano = five books - vitabu vitano | |
| a child - mtoto; small/little - dogo = small/little child - mtoto mdogo | |
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Personen- bezogene. Fürwörter/Vorsilben |
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| Im Ist-Zustand. mimi - me/I; wewe - you; yeye - he/she; sisi - we; ninyi - they; wao - them | |
| Mimi ni mgonjwa - I am ill Wao ni tajiri - They are ill | |
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Im Kontext einer Tätigkeit |
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| Hier werden die personenbezogenen Fürwörter zur Vorsilbe des Verbes. | |
| I - ni-; you - u; he/she - a-; we - tu-; they - m-; them - wa- | |
| Bei der Verbindung mit einem Verb wird noch eine Zeitanzeigende Zwischensilbe eingesetzt, mit | |
| der die Vergangenheits-, Gegenwarts- und Zukunftsform möglich ist: | |
| -na für Gegenwart | |
| -li für Vergangenheit | |
| -ta für Zukunft | |
| For example: kwenda - (to) go | |
| ninakwenda / nitakwenda / nilikwenda - I go / I shall go / I went | |
| unakwenda / utakwenda / ulikwenda - you go / you shall go/ you went | |
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Pronuciation, Reading & Writing |
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| Durch die Umsetzung arabischer Schriftzeichen in lateinische Buchstaben durch Missionare im | |
| 19. und 20. Jahrhundert sind das Lesen und die Aussprache von Swahili denkbar einfach | |
| geworden. | |
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The alphabet has 24 Letters, Q and X find no use. |
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| The sounds are similiar to English ( -to many english accents/pronuciations to be quite precise!!) | |
| only with the following Consonents and combinations must one use the following pronuciation: | |
| ch- in chai (Tea) - as in church | |
| dh- in dhani (think/believe) - as in that | |
| gh- in ghali (expensive) - as in Bach | |
| j- in jamaa (family) - as in job | |
| ng'- in ng'ombe (cow) - as in England | |
| s- in samehe (verzeihen) - as in some (a sharp "s") | |
| sh- shaka (worry) - as in shack | |
| th- in themanini (80) - as in thin | |
| v- in vuta (pull) - as in volume | |
| w- in wali (rice) - as in when | |
| z- in ziko wapi (where are they) - as in Zico (retired brazilian footballer) | |
| Beim Lesen gilt prinzipiell die Betonung auf der vorletzten Silbe eines Wortes. | |
| ni-ta-kwen-da - I shall go | |
| ja-maa - family | |
| Schreibweise: Wie im Englischen werden alle Wörter - mit Ausnahme von Namen und der | |
| Satzanfänge - klein geschrieben. | |
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IMPORTANT PRIMARY WORDS AND SENTENCES |
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GREETINGS |
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| QUESTIONS | ANSWERS |
| Hujambo - Hello (Greeting) | Sijambo- I am okey, I am well! |
| Salaam (Salaam Allahkium) - (Good Day) | Allahkium Salaam (in coastal Islamic regions) |
| Mambo (Vipi) - How's it going/how are things | Poa/fresh- cool ( answer used by the youths) |
| Habari gani- what news / what gives new | Habari za kazi- How's work |
| Habari za leo- How is it today? | Habari za asubuhi- Good morning? |
| Habari za jioni- Good evening? | Nzuri / Njema- good, nice, well |
| Nzuri sana, asante- Really good, thanks | Nzuri kidogo- Not so good, little |
| Karibu sana- Welcome | Lala Salama- Good night |
| Kwaheri- Good bye | Tutaunana- See you |
| U hali gani- How are you | Na wewe- And you? |
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COMMONLY USED WORDS |
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| Ndiyo- Yes | Hapana- No |
| Tafadhali- Please | Asante- Thank you |
| Asante sana- Thanks a lot | Vizuri- Great /Good |
| Pale / kule- There | Hapa / Huku / Humu- Here |
| Kubwa- Big / Large | Ndogo- Small |
| Rahisi- Cheap | Ghali- Expensive |
| Upesi- Fast | Pole pole- Slow |
| Karibu- Near | Mbali- Far |
| Moto- Hot | Baribi- Cold |
| Fungoa- Open | Funga- Close |
| Mbaya- Bad | Safi- Good / Clean |
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USEFUL QUESTIONS |
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| Unasema Kiingereza / Kiswahili | Do you speak English / Kiswahili |
| Tafadhali sema pole pole | Please speak a bit slower |
| Tafadhali sema tena | Please repeat that |
| Jina lako nani? | What is your name? |
| Wapi- Where | Iko wapi/ziko wapi- Where is it/where are they |
| Lini- When | Kiasi gani- How much |
| Shilingi ngapi- How many shllings/how much | Unaitaje hii/ile- What is it/that called |
| Maana ya hii ni nini- What does it mean | Maana ya ile ni nini- What does that mean |
| Kwa nini- Why? | Ni saa ngapi- What time is it? |
| Naweza kupigw picha- Could I take pictures? | Maji yamechemshwa- Is the water boiled? |
| Hii ni njia kwenda....- Is this the way to....? | Nie umbali gani- How far is it? |
| Naweza kupata.....- Could I get.....? | Tunaweza kupata....- Could we get....? |
| Unaweza kunionyesha.....- Could you show me? | Unaweza kunipeleka...- Could you take/bring me |
| Tunaweza kupiga kambi hapa? | Could we camp here? |
| Wapi tunaweza kupiga kambi kwa usiku? | Where could we camp for the night? |
| Tunaweza kupiga kambi shambani kwako? | Could we camp at your farm? |
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USEFUL PHRASES |
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| Jina langu ni...- My name is.... | Natoka Uiingereza- I come from England |
| Sifahamu- I do not understand | Nafahamu- I understand |
| Ninakaa Botanic Resort | I stay at the Botanic Resort |
| Nitatoka saa...- I shall leave/come out at.... | Ningependa...- I would like.... |
| Natumaini tutaonana tena mapema- Hopefully we shall see each other again early | |
| Nataka- I want | Chakula hiki ni kizuri sana-this food is very nice |
| Tafadhali nionyeshe...- Please show me... | Tafadhali nipe....- Please give me.... |
| Tafadhali niletee....- Please bring me | Nataka kwenda...- I want to go... |
| Simama hapa, tafadhali..- Stop/stand here please | Umwite daktari- Call the doctor |
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TIME |
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| Jumatatu- Monday | Jumanne- Tuesday |
| Jumatano- Wednesday | Alhamisi- Thursday |
| Ijumaa- Friday | Jumamosi- Saturday |
| Jumapili- Sunday | Wiki- Week |
| Mwezi- Month | Mwaka- Year |
| Leo- Today | Jana- Yesterday |
| Kesho- Tomorrow | Sasa/sasa hivi- right now/immediately |
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COUNTING |
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| Moja- 1 | Thelathini- 30 |
| Mbili- 2 | Arobaini- 40 |
| Tatu- 3 | Hamsini- 50 |
| Nne- 5 | Sitini- 60 |
| Tano- 5 | Sabini- 70 |
| Sita- 6 | Themanini- 80 |
| Saba- 7 | Tisini- 90 |
| Nane- 8 | Mia or Mia moja |
| Tisa- 9 | Mia mbili- 200 e.t.c., |
| Kumi- 10 | Elfu or elfu moja- 1000 |
| Kumi na moja- 11 | Elfu mbili- 2000 e.t.c., |
| Kumi na mbili- 12 | Kumi elfu- 10.000 |
| Kumi na tatu- 13 e.t.c., | Ishirini elfu- 20.000 e.t.c |
| Ishirini- 20 | Laki moja- 100.000 e.t.c., |
| Ishirini na moja e.t.c., | Milioni moja- 1.000.000 |
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FRUIT AND VEGETABLE |
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| Matunda- Fruit | Mboga- Vegetable |
| Nanasi- Pineapple | Matofaa- Apple |
| Machungwa- Oranges | Ndizi- Banana |
| Matango- Cucumber | Karoti- Carrottes |
| Viazi- Potatoes | Kabeji- Cabbage |
| Nazi- Coconut | Embe- Mango |
| Tikiti- Melon | Papai- Pawpaw |
| Saladi- Salad | Nyaya- Tomato |
| Ndimu- Lime | Vitunguu- Onions |
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ANIMAL LIFE |
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| Popo- Bat | Kaa- Crab |
| Chui- Leopard | Simba- Lion |
| Chatu- Python | Kobe- Tortoise |
| Ndege- Bird | Samaki- Fish |
| Tembo- Elephant | Nyoka- Snake |
| Paka- Cat | Mbwa- Dog |
| Nyani- Monkey | Papa- Shark |
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THE MONTHS |
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| Januari- January | Julai- July |
| Februari- February | Agosti- August |
| Machi- March | Septemba- September |
| Aprili- April | Oktoba- October |
| Mei- Mai | Novemba- November |
| Juni- June | Desemba- December |
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